The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275194 BC). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how telepresence technology was used by oceanographers in the field to assess and analyze three shipwrecks and numerous artifacts discovered during exploratory expeditions of the submerged plateau known as Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. Your email address will not be published. Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. This makes Hipparchus the founder of trigonometry. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Aristarchus was one of the first astronomers to calculate the relative sizes of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes also found a solution to the so-called Deliano problem, or the doubling of the cube. eratosthenes contribution to oceanography He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt . Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. 2011. Oceanography Flashcards establishing a center for the study of marine science and navigation in Portugal. He accepted the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Libya) and five climatic zones (one torrid zone, two temperate zones, and two frigid zones), [2] The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese. Was the father of geography? - sdnimik.bluejeanblues.net III. The contributions of eratosthenes. He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. He created an algorithm to find prime numbers that is known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. However, his contributions to the study of the earth gave him the title of father of geography. Eratosthenes may have been the first to use the word geography. ing of the Eratosthenes Seamount could clearly provide invaluable information regarding the oceanography and the tectonics of the east-ern Mediterranean in pre-Messinian time (McCoy and Mart, 1988; Robertson, 1992) Woodside (1977) also noted the occurrence of a 200-km-wide magnetic anomaly underneath the seamount. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? Kerry Liverpool Supporters Club, For other uses, see. The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. His mathematical work is known principally from the writings of the Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria, and his geographical work from the first two books of the Geography of the Greek geographer Strabo. are near the ocean) Life began in the ocean 4 billion years before present Stayed there for over 3 billion years before venturing out onto the surface Take notes about his accomplishments. He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. He believed it was a fixed globe whose changes only took place on the surface. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude . Greeks-create Maps of Med. Eckerman, C. (2011). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Was the father of geography? Explained by Sharing Culture The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. geography term coined by Eratosthenes - Geographer Corner [2] Eratosthenes described his arc measurement technique,[14] in a book entitled .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}On the measure of the Earth, which has not been preserved. 3. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to . He lived from 276 to 194 B.C. Cyrene, then a Greek city, is now the town of Shahhat in Libya. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. But he did not find in them a style that appealed to him. After study in Alexandria and Athens, Eratosthenes settled in Alexandria about 255 bce and became director of the great library there. [6], Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Arab Contributions To Geography And Navigation - Arab America 175 km 4. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. Eratosthenes was a man of many talents. Despite this, he did not believe in those projections, but in Toscanelli's, which stated that the earth was a third smaller. Geography consisted of eight volumes. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. He was also of the opinion that the spread of the world from west to east is more than from north to south. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Eratosthenes | Biography, Discoveries, Sieve, & Facts According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Eratosthenes (276-194 BC) Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. Todays measurement is 40,075 km. The first book of "Geography" contained a summary of existing geographical work and Eratosthenes' speculations about the nature of the planet Earth. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. Eratosthenes - Biography, Facts and Pictures - Famous Scientists Business Opportunities (5) . [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. Contribution of Greek Scholar in Geography Full Notes for UGC NET Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from the prime's square). In Athens he met so many philosophers that he was both amazed and overwhelmed. [9], The measurement of Earth's circumference is the most famous among the results obtained by Eratosthenes,[13] who estimated that the meridian has a length of 252,000 stadia (39,060 to 40,320 kilometres (24,270 to 25,050mi)), with an error on the real value between 2.4% and +0.8% (assuming a value for the stadion between 155 and 160 metres (509 and 525ft)). Uf Women's Studies Electives, Despite his great contributions to science, his work was not replicated by many others, apparently because he did not get enough students to pass on his discoveries and theories. Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/rtsniz/; Greek: [eratostns]; c.276 BC c.195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. His prime number sieve provided a simple way for Greek mathematicians (and frustrated modern students!) [1] Cyrene became a place of cultivation, where knowledge blossomed. He divided the earth into 5 climatic zones: the frozen poles, under them two temperate zones and in the center a tropical belt that bordered the equator. Oceanography is the study of the physical, chemical, and biological features of the ocean, including the ocean's ancient history, its current condition, and its future. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. At this time Eratosthenes took advantage of his position and the access to the information he had to learn about the most diverse subjects. During the period in which Eratosthenes was in charge of the Library of Alexandria, great advances were made in it. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds. He developed Read more. They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. Humboldt and Kant. The prime meridian plotted by Ptolemy was used by the Arabs for the calculation of time and longitudes. He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. Eratosthenes was afflicted by blindness in his old age, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation. In the same way, he wrote poetry and his themes included the stories of the constellations. Roller, Duane W. Eratosthenes' Geography. Systmone Remote Access, Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. Term. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term geography between 275 and 194 BC. Oceanic area = 303x10^6km^2 (59.4%) 11.5% of Earth is continent below sea level. On the Ocean: The Famous Voyage of Pytheas One of the Greeks primary contributions to oceanography and seafaring is the latitude/longitude system. Your email address will not be published. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/ r t s n i z /; Greek: [eratostns]; c. 276 BC - c. 195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he . George Syncellus was later able to preserve from Chronographies a list of 38 kings of the Egyptian Thebes. Eratosthenes went to Athens to further his studies. Eratosthenes united and organized in this work different information that he found in the Library of Alexandria. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Eratosthenes was an Ancient Greek scientist born in the town of Cyrene in about 276 BC. Eratosthenes died in Alexandria, approximately in 194 BC, when he was 82 years old. Eratosthenes made many important contributions to science and mathematics. It was now possible to estimate one's distance from remote locations with this network over the surface of the Earth.