This book uses the Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . b. algorithm. They are used to evaluate the solutions. When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. C. algorithm d. the fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. In the process, your brain gathers details that inform and refine your understanding of related concepts like democracy, power, and freedom. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. a. Basketball, football, baseball, and soccer all fit into the _____ of sports. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? There are two types of long-term memory: explicit and implicit (Figure 8.6). In one particular case, he was asked to identify the number of morphemes in the word "rescuer." When he says his name, people think it sounds like "jaw-dun." Using Stern's formula, her IQ is: C. practicing groupthink A company uses a spreadsheet to prepare its statement of cash flows. d. Practical intelligence, Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. Why or why not? A. the child's IQ is average. Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. Can You Remember Everything You Ever Did or Said? D. come in different forms. A. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. c. measure what it's supposed to measure. answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. Q. C. functional fixedness. According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, the first 18 months of life are devoted to mastering which developmental task? We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. a. availability heuristic c. three c. Clinical neuropsychologists She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). In keeping with the computer analogy, some information in your long-term memory would be like the information you have saved on the hard drive. It involves recollection of visual imagery as well as the feeling of familiarity (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007). choose the best data from the set. b. Why is this? Cooper's life. These thoughts are one example of cognition at work. A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. a. creative They are also known as "rules of thumb." They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Which of the following is true of concepts? Indicate whether each of the following items would be recorded in the Debit column or Credit column of the spreadsheets statement of cash flows section. A. autistic. Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. When you study United States history, for example, you learn about more than just individual events that have happened in Americas past. For most people, the capacity will probably be close to 7 plus or minus 2. a. intelligence is largely inherited. b. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. b. confirmation bias. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. d. mental sets. A. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. 30 seconds. d. means-end analysis. 1 item by anonymous. D. The availability heuristic, Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. refers to the retention of information or experience over time? According to Sternberg's theory, ____________ intelligence is measured in academic achievement tests. People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written c. use sign language In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to: Emotional intelligence A. determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. Texting while driving is dangerous, but it is a difficult event schema for some people to resist. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. d. where a person lives does not, What a person knows about a particular type of object does, A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial. Did you think of jelly? D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of: You must be able to retrieve information from memory in order to do everything from knowing how to brush your hair and teeth, to driving to work, to knowing how to perform your job once you get there. When thoughts are formed, the mind synthesizes information from emotions and memories (Figure 7.2). _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." c. Fetal alcohol syndrome D. are beyond the average person's ability to solve, The last step in the problem-solving process is ________. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". d. "private speech" was a sign of a mood disorder. Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. Whitney took Spanish in high school, but after high school she did not have the opportunity to speak Spanish. She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. d. 15. c. convergent thinking. d. Down syndrome. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. B. Once we receive sensory information from the environment, our brains label or code it. Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? b. phoneme The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. Because texting and driving has become a dangerous epidemic in recent years, psychologists are looking at ways to help people interrupt the phone schema while driving. d. Concepts, Derrick was given a test where he had to identify morphemes. refers to the sense that one is in control of one's own life. a person's age at the time the memory is processed. B. inner motivation A. Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. a. a mental set. Creative intelligence When this happens, your brain automatically activates the firefighter schema and begins making assumptions that this person is brave, selfless, and community-oriented. Determine the value of the conduction parameter required so that VO=0.70VV_O=0.70 \mathrm{~V}VO=0.70V when VI=0.75VV_I=0.75 \mathrm{~V}VI=0.75V. MiniLab 1 If you carefully place a steel razor blade flat on the surface of water, the razor blade can be made to float. George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between _____ units of information. d. "street smarts.". Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). C. Even if the heritability of a characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. Generally, recall is somewhat better for random numbers than for random letters (Jacobs, 1887) and also often slightly better for information we hear (acoustic encoding) rather than information we see (visual encoding) (Anderson, 1969). Posted on 3. c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" An algorithm is the process of breaking problems. Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. and you must attribute OpenStax. For example, if you meet someone at a party and your phone is dead but you want to remember his phone number, which starts with area code 203, you might remember that your uncle Abdul lives in Connecticut and has a 203 area code. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. ________ form as the result of people's experiences with concepts in the real world. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Heuristics are more commonly used in everyday situations, such as figuring out the best route to get from point A to point B. semantic. A. rethink and redefine his problem. Q. A. suggest obvious operations. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. b. representative heuristic D. algorithmic, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. Creative Commons Attribution License Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. c. $2,438. D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. View this video that explains short-term and long-term memory to learn more about how memories are stored and retrieved. Youve watched it fall from the sky, youve seen lightly falling snow that barely covers the windshield of your car, and youve shoveled out 18 inches of fluffy white snow as youve thought, This is perfect for skiing. Youve thrown snowballs at your best friend and gone sledding down the steepest hill in town. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. c. 30 B. The options that are true about algorithms include: Produce a result Have clear instructions Stop in a finite amount of time Operations that can be done by a computer Have an order. d. Prototypes. a. communicate with one another; dream more vividly Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. b. four A prototype is the best example or representation of a concept. c. Psychology is not considered a science, but is a form of sociology. Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. Processing speed Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: a. the same ability. b. females. C. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem solving, in addition to other cognitive processes. c. is a device that aids in language translation for international business. It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. B. confirmation bias C. move back home with her parents and commute to college. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. A. indulge in fixations. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind.
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